Fiji has formally declared HIV a national emergency after a sharp increase in new diagnoses, with health authorities estimating that approximately one in 60 adults is living with the virus.
Fiji formally declared HIV a national emergency on September 15, 2026, following a rapid rise in new infections and a government assessment that the existing outbreak response was no longer sufficient. Health and Medical Services Minister Ratu Atonio Lalabalavu said the declaration recognized “the seriousness of the epidemic and the urgent coordinated response our country now needs.”
Fiji reported 2,016 new HIV diagnoses in 2025, a 27% increase from the previous year, according to figures cited by Reuters from a government statement. The 2025 total was 16 times the number recorded in 2019, according to figures reported by Fiji media from the Health Ministry’s emergency declaration. UNAIDS estimates that about 9,100 people in Fiji were living with HIV in 2025, compared with an estimated 760 people in 2010. The estimate means that approximately one in 60 adults in the Pacific island nation is living with HIV.
The recent increase has drawn attention to multiple routes of transmission, including sexual transmission and the sharing of injecting equipment. According to UNAIDS figures cited by Reuters, more than half of cases with a known transmission route were associated with sexual transmission, while more than 42% were linked to injecting-drug use. The figures do not mean that any particular community is responsible for the increase, and public-health agencies have emphasized access to prevention, testing and care rather than blame.
UNAIDS estimates that only 39% of people living with HIV in Fiji knew their status in 2025, while 22% were accessing treatment. Antiretroviral treatment enables people living with HIV to remain healthy and, when the virus is maintained at an undetectable level, prevents sexual transmission of HIV.
Government Response
The government has announced free, voluntary and confidential HIV testing, prevention medicines, harm-reduction services and treatment for people diagnosed with HIV. The planned measures include wider access to pre-exposure prophylaxis, commonly known as PrEP, which is medication that reduces the risk of acquiring HIV for people who may face substantial exposure. Fiji also plans to establish a needle-and-syringe program for people who inject drugs.
Authorities have said that services are available nationwide and that discrimination against people living with HIV is illegal.
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